1. rman设置自动备份的情况（CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON ），可以
注：11g自动备份的控制文件是放在FRA区：
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RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup; Starting restore at 15-NOV-13 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=63 device type=DISK recovery area destination: e:\ora11g\app\oracleuser\flash_recovery_area database name (or database unique name) used for search: ORA11G channel ORA_DISK_1: AUTOBACKUP E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\AUTOBACKUP\2013_11_15\O1_MF_S_831574477_98CRBG12_.BKP found in the recovery area AUTOBACKUP search with format "%F" not attempted because DBID was not set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file from AUTOBACKUP E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\AUTOBACKUP\2013_11_15\O1_MF_S_831574477_98CRBG12_.BKP channel ORA_DISK_1: control file restore from AUTOBACKUP complete output file name=E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\CONTROL01.CTL output file name=E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\CONTROL02.CTL Finished restore at 15-NOV-13 RMAN> RMAN> restore database; Starting restore at 15-NOV-13 Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 15-NOV-13 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=191 device type=DISK Crosschecked 20 objects Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 15-NOV-13 Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 15-NOV-13 using channel ORA_DISK_1 Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 15-NOV-13 searching for all files in the recovery area cataloging files... cataloging done List of Cataloged Files ======================= File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_07\O1_MF_1_509_97POOJ85_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\AUTOBACKUP\2013_11_15\O1_MF_S_831574477_98CRBG12_.BKP using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\SYSTEM01.DBF channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\SYSAUX01.DBF channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\UNDOTBS01.DBF channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\USERS01.DBF channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to E:\USERS2_FOR_TEMP_USE.DBF channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece C:\FULL_9OOP1K9R_1_312.RMN channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=C:\FULL_9OOP1K9R_1_312.RMN tag=TAG20131115T165211 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35 Finished restore at 15-NOV-13 RMAN> recover database; Starting recover at 15-NOV-13 using channel ORA_DISK_1 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 25 is already on disk as file E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\REDO25.LOG archived log file name=E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\REDO25.LOG thread=1 sequence=25 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02 Finished recover at 15-NOV-13 RMAN> alter database open resetlogs; database opened RMAN> RMAN> |
2.rman一般会配置snapshot（CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO xxxxx），可以：
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RMAN> restore controlfile from 'E:\ora11g\app\oracleuser\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\database\SNCFORA11G.ORA'; Starting restore at 15-NOV-13 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: copied control file copy output file name=E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\CONTROL01.CTL output file name=E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\CONTROL02.CTL Finished restore at 15-NOV-13 RMAN> ...（后续同上） |
3.rman没设置自动备份（CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default ），且snapshot丢失的情况：
注：当不设置自动备份的时候，控制文件会在全备时，自动被备份在datafile 1所在的备份集中，此时需要从NBU中导出备份集的文件到本地硬盘：
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--设置自动备份时，backup时的log，可以看到是在独立的一个地方存放控制文件： Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-NOV-13 piece handle=E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\AUTOBACKUP\2013_11_20\O1_MF_S_832004817_98RWLM28_.BKP comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-NOV-13 --不设置自动备份，backup是的log： channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set |
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C:\Users\jijihe>rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Nov 20 15:05:28 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database (not started) RMAN> startup nomount Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 2505338880 bytes Fixed Size 2178336 bytes Variable Size 1660945120 bytes Database Buffers 822083584 bytes Redo Buffers 20131840 bytes RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup 2> ; Starting restore at 20-NOV-13 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=63 device type=DISK recovery area destination: e:\ora11g\app\oracleuser\flash_recovery_area database name (or database unique name) used for search: ORA11G channel ORA_DISK_1: no AUTOBACKUPS found in the recovery area AUTOBACKUP search with format "%F" not attempted because DBID was not set RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 11/20/2013 15:06:05 RMAN-06172: no AUTOBACKUP found or specified handle is not a valid copy or piece RMAN> restore controlfile from 'c:\DB_INC_LEV1_AAOPEJB1_1_330.RMN'; Starting restore at 20-NOV-13 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 output file name=E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\CONTROL01.CTL output file name=E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\CONTROL02.CTL Finished restore at 20-NOV-13 RMAN> alter database mount; database mounted released channel: ORA_DISK_1 RMAN> restore database; Starting restore at 20-NOV-13 Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 20-NOV-13 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=191 device type=DISK Crosschecked 37 objects Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 20-NOV-13 Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 20-NOV-13 using channel ORA_DISK_1 Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 20-NOV-13 searching for all files in the recovery area cataloging files... cataloging done List of Cataloged Files ======================= File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_10_98CSHTF9_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_11_98CSHVC4_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_12_98CSHW6B_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_13_98CSHWXZ_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_14_98CSHXSS_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_15_98CSHYFX_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_16_98CSHZ2H_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_17_98CSHZY6_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_18_98CSJ0WW_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_19_98CSJ24B_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_1_98CSHKY0_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_20_98CSJ2VP_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_21_98CSJ3N4_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_22_98CSJ4GF_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_23_98CSJ54J_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_24_98CSJ5X0_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_25_98CSJ6VQ_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_2_98CSHLWQ_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_3_98CSHNJ2_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_4_98CSHOCV_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_5_98CSHP6Q_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_6_98CSHQ2R_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_7_98CSHQVH_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_8_98CSHRP6_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_15\O1_MF_1_9_98CSHSQ1_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_18\O1_MF_1_25_98MVNW7R_.ARC File Name: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORA11G\ARCHIVELOG\2013_11_20\O1_MF_1_1_98RMX5WP_.ARC using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\SYSTEM01.DBF channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\SYSAUX01.DBF channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\UNDOTBS01.DBF channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\USERS01.DBF channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\USERS201.DBF channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece C:\DB_INC_LEV0_A7OPEJ7C_1_327.RMN channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=C:\DB_INC_LEV0_A7OPEJ7C_1_327.RMN tag=TAG20131120T145332 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15 Finished restore at 20-NOV-13 RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> recover database; Starting recover at 20-NOV-13 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set destination for restore of datafile 00001: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\SYSTEM01.DBF destination for restore of datafile 00002: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\SYSAUX01.DBF destination for restore of datafile 00003: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\UNDOTBS01.DBF destination for restore of datafile 00004: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\USERS01.DBF destination for restore of datafile 00005: E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\USERS201.DBF channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece C:\DB_INC_LEV1_A9OPEJ9K_1_329.RMN channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=C:\DB_INC_LEV1_A9OPEJ9K_1_329.RMN tag=TAG20131120T145444 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 starting media recovery unable to find archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 11/20/2013 15:38:42 RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 2 and starting SCN of 12915077 RMAN> alter database open resetlogs; database opened RMAN> RMAN> |
4.rman开启自动备份，丢失了控制文件，且丢失了自动备份的控制文件、丢失了snapshot，丢失了catalog。
注：那么就只能利用dbms_restore_backup来，在nomount状态下将datafile直接从backupset中抽取出来，此时需要从NBU中导出备份集的文件到本地硬盘。再重建控制文件，restore database。
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E:\ora11g\app\oracleuser\oradata\ora11g>sqlplus "/ as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Nov 20 13:46:12 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. > startup nomount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 2505338880 bytes Fixed Size 2178336 bytes Variable Size 1660945120 bytes Database Buffers 822083584 bytes Redo Buffers 20131840 bytes > > --注：需通过调用脚本的方式执行，直接在sqlplus中跑会报错 > @restore_dfile.sql Restoring piece 1 from backup file: C:\INC_0_DB_A0OPBJG0_1_320.RMN... DECLARE * ERROR at line 1: ORA-19583: conversation terminated due to error ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece C:\INC_0_DB_A0OPBJG0_1_320.RMN ORA-19615: some files not found in backup set ORA-19613: datafile 6 not found in backup set <<<<<<<<<<<<<此处报错表示放入的datafile数量最多只有5个，第六个不存在，修改脚本，只需restore5个数据文件。 ORA-06512: at "SYS.X$DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE", line 5816 ORA-06512: at line 49 Elapsed: 00:00:00.14 > > @restore_dfile.sql PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Elapsed: 00:01:24.82 > > > --根据已经restore出来的datafile，重建控制文件 > CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORA11G" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG 2 MAXLOGFILES 48 3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3 4 MAXDATAFILES 400 5 MAXINSTANCES 8 6 MAXLOGHISTORY 584 7 LOGFILE 8 GROUP 1 'E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\REDO01.LOG' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512, 9 GROUP 2 'E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\REDO02.LOG' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512, 10 GROUP 3 'E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\REDO03.LOG' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512, 11 DATAFILE 12 'E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\DATAFILE_01.DBF', 13 'E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\DATAFILE_02.DBF', 14 'E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\DATAFILE_03.DBF', 15 'E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\DATAFILE_04.DBF', 16 'E:\ORA11G\APP\ORACLEUSER\ORADATA\ORA11G\DATAFILE_05.DBF' 17 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8 18 ; Control file created. Elapsed: 00:00:01.96 > > alter database mount; alter database mount * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01100: database already mounted Elapsed: 00:00:00.03 > > > alter database open resetlogs; Database altered. Elapsed: 00:00:32.78 > > |
附：restore_dfile.sql脚本
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DECLARE v_dev varchar2(50); -- device type allocated for restore v_done boolean; -- has the controlfile been fully extracted yet type t_fileTable is table of varchar2(255) index by binary_integer; v_fileTable t_fileTable; -- Stores the backuppiece names v_maxPieces number:=1; -- Number of backuppieces in backupset BEGIN -- Initialise the filetable and number of backup pieces in the backupset -- This section of code MUST be edited to reflect the customer's available -- backupset before the procedure is compiled and run. In this example, the -- backupset consists of 4 pieces: v_fileTable(1):='C:\INC_0_DB_A0OPBJG0_1_320.RMN'; v_fileTable(2):='C:\INC_1_DB_A2OPBJSB_1_322.RMN'; -- add all other backupsets if needed v_maxPieces:=2; -- Allocate a device. In this example, I have specified 'sbt_tape' as I am -- reading backuppieces from the media manager. If the backuppiece is on disk, -- specify type=>null v_dev:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate(type=>null, ident=>'d1'); -- Begin the restore conversation sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile; dbms_backup_restore.RestoreDatafileTo(dfnumber => 1,toname=>'E:\ora11g\app\oracleuser\oradata\ora11g\datafile_01.dbf'); dbms_backup_restore.RestoreDatafileTo(dfnumber => 2,toname=>'E:\ora11g\app\oracleuser\oradata\ora11g\datafile_02.dbf'); dbms_backup_restore.RestoreDatafileTo(dfnumber => 3,toname=>'E:\ora11g\app\oracleuser\oradata\ora11g\datafile_03.dbf'); dbms_backup_restore.RestoreDatafileTo(dfnumber => 4,toname=>'E:\ora11g\app\oracleuser\oradata\ora11g\datafile_04.dbf'); dbms_backup_restore.RestoreDatafileTo(dfnumber => 5,toname=>'E:\ora11g\app\oracleuser\oradata\ora11g\datafile_05.dbf'); -- Restore the datafile FOR i IN 1..v_maxPieces LOOP sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>v_done, handle=>v_fileTable(i), params=>null); IF v_done THEN GOTO all_done; END IF; END LOOP; <<all_done>> -- Deallocate the device sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate; END; / |
注:以上测试基于oracle 11.2.0.1和windows 7 64-bit，仅供参考，实际生产环节请结合不同版本不同平台的测试情况来相应的制定规范。